Costello+Kirchoff+Knutson

DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY Mrs. Bjork Room 114 & 209 bjorjea@pewaukee.k12.wi.us
 * Assignment Description: Digital SLR**

Use this website and the Photography Poster Series in the room for reference: HYPERLINK "http://digital-photography-school.com/digital-photography-tips-for-beginners" __http://digital-photography-school.com/digital-photography-tips-for-beginners__
 * Write an explanation of each of these photographic concepts:**

**I have started the worksheet for you.** Complete the rest of the terms. Use images that illustrate the terms. You may work with a partner or two and divide up the terms between the group of 2-3 people. You should also work directly with a camera to see these things on the actual digital slr.

**Use Pages software** to complete the sheet with images. When you have finished the Pages document copy and paste it into a new wiki page called **Your Names Digital SLR Worksheet** and post it to our wiki. Make sure to insert the images properly and make anything that needs to be a link into one.

The size of the opening in the lens also known as f/stop. (a smaller aperture has a bigger f/stop number--lets in less light) The numbers represent ratios of the lens focal length to opening. The lens focal length is how long the lense is in millimeters. So f/2 is a wider open aperature than f/16 because the numbers are fractions.
 * Aperture:**

Depth of field can be defined as the amount of the photo that is in focus. You can have photos that are almost completely in focus or photos where only a single subject is in focus, this is all dependent on the aperture. If you have a large aperture (ex. f/2 (right photo)) your photo will have only a select amount of a focused image; on the other hand, if you had a small aperture (ex. f/16 (left photo)) more of the photo will be in focus.
 * Depth of field:**

Shutter Speed is best defined as the amount of time the shutter is open. When the shutter is open it is letting light into the camera. Shutter speed is measured in fractions of a second 1/30 being a slower shutter speed, allowing a feel of motion to take place in your photo. If your shutter speed was 1/1000 you would have very little motion blur. These setting on a camera are very situational and all depends on what you want your photo to look like. There are three types of noise: random, fixed patter, and banding noise. Noise appears in these three forms on a photograph, it resembles dots or specs that interfere with the picture. The type of noise can change depending on the exposure, ISO speed, and type of camera. The examples below show each category of noise and what causes their type to be seen: **
 * Shutter Speed:**
 * Noise:
 * = [[image:http://images.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/tut_imagenoise_fixedpattern.jpg height="150" caption="Fixed Pattern Noise"]] ||= [[image:http://images.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/tut_imagenoise_random.jpg height="150" caption="Random Noise"]] ||= [[image:http://images.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/tut_imagenoise_banding.jpg height="150" caption="Banding Noise"]] ||

Long Exposure Low ISO Speed ||= **Random Noise** Short Exposure High ISO Speed ||= **Banding Noise** Susceptible Camera Brightened Shadows ||
 * = **Fixed Pattern Noise**

A histogram is a chart that most digital cameras offer to their users. The chart is used to show the amounts of a certain tone in the photograph. The darkest black will be the left side of the histogram and how high the peak is will represent how much of the photo is that dark tone. The lightest white will be found at the right side of the histogram and will represent in how of that tone is in the photo by the height of the peak in the histogram. The goal of the histogram is to try to get a organized balance of tones in a photograph so your photo is com positionally balanced. 
 * Histogram:**

Burst mode, is a type of shooting style where you can take multiple pictures in rapid succession. This is helpful in fast moving subjects since its hard to time when to exactly take the one photo. This way you can increase your chance of taking a good photo, by taking many, one right after another. The time in between each shot could be from a tenth of a second to much longer.
 * Burst Mode:**

white balance is an aspect of photography that we adjust to make the colors and shades in our photos as duplicate to reality as possible. Since light can transform a color to appear different, white balance is very important. Adjusting the settings to options such as: auto, tungsten, fluorescent, daylight, cloudy, flash, and shade, are chosen based off of the light surrounding the picture. White balance helps to make the picture appear as it is seen in real life with its true colors, not affected by light. When using self timer it needs to be placed on a tripod or level surface, then the self-timer is released. It is used when taking group, scene, or self-portratits. It allows you to take a photograph without it being blurred caused by camera movement. Self timer gives the freedom of taking a photograph a certain amount of time after pressing the shutter button.
 * White Balance:**
 * Self timer:**
 * Pixels:** A pixel is the basic unit for all digital images. It is a combination of the words "Picture" and "Element" and resembles pointillism, from painting and drawing, only in digital form. Each pixel has a series of numbers which determine its color. The more pixels an image contains, the more detail the image has.[[image:tut_digital_nodither2.png]]

**Auto Focus vs Manual Focus:** (explain what they are and then explain when you would choose each and why?)

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The main difference between auto and manual focus is that auto is when you focus it on your own, with your own brain, and auto is when you let the camera do all the work. Autofocus is recommended for regular, daily snapshots and quick shots. You want to use manual to get a distinct photographic focus point. It is good for portraits.=====


 * ISO (international standardization organization):**

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ISO is the indication of how sensitive a film is to light. Measured in numbers, the lower the number - the lower the sensitivity. When the film has low sensitivity, the grain becomes really fine in the shots you take. ======

Define each and explain how they differ from each other.
 * File Format:**

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.tiff – Tiff stands for Tagged Image File Format. It is a file format for storing images. It is different than other file formats in that it allows for a flexible set of information fields, or “tags”. It is also different that it allows for a wide range of different compression schemes and color spaces, while other formats are designed to be for a single compression method. ======

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.jpeg – Jpeg stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group. These files are mainly for photographs and contain 16.7 million colors. It is mainly good for smaller images and files. Because these files are compressed a lot when they are saved, the quality is sometimes affected and can’t be recovered. ======

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.raw – The equivalent of a negative film in photography. This type of file format is untouched, “raw” pixel informations that comes straight from the camera’s sensor. A raw file is developed into a final JPEG or TIFF image in several steps, each of which may contain several irreversible image adjustments. An advantage of raw files is that the photographer is granted more flexibility when applying adjustments to images so that it can save the way they want it to. ======